Chapter 6 of 19

Chapter V: Religion of Renouncing Works

第五章　行為の放棄の宗教

Arjuna. Yet, Krishna! at the one time thou dost laud Surcease of works, and, at another time, Service through work. Of these twain plainly tell Which is the better way?

アルジュナ：しかしクリシュナよ！ある時は行為の停止を讃え、また別の時には、行為による奉仕を勧めるのですね。この二つのうちより善きものはどちらですか？一つを定めて語ってください、私が最善に至れるように！

Krishna. To cease from works Is well, and to do works in holiness Is well; and both conduct to bliss supreme; But of these twain the better way is his Who working piously refraineth not.

クリシュナ：行為をやめることもよし、行為を聖なるものとしてなすこともよし。だが両者のうち、行為によるヨーガが行為の放棄に勝る。何も憎まず何も欲せぬ者を真の放棄者と知れ。「対立の組」から解き放たれた者は、強き腕の者よ！容易に束縛から自由となる。「サーンキヤとヨーガは別のもの」と無知なる者は言う、賢者はそうは言わない。いずれか一つを正しく行えば、両方の果実を得る。サーンキヤの行者が至る境地はヨーガの行者も至る。サーンキヤとヨーガは一つであると見る者が、真に見る者である。

That is the true Renouncer, firm and fixed, Who--seeking nought, rejecting nought--dwells proof Against the "opposites."[FN#8] O valiant Prince! In doing, such breaks lightly from all deed: 'Tis the new scholar talks as they were two, This Sankhya and this Yoga: wise men know Who husbands one plucks golden fruit of both! The region of high rest which Sankhyans reach Yogins attain. Who sees these twain as one Sees with clear eyes! Yet such abstraction, Chief! Is hard to win without much holiness. Whoso is fixed in holiness, self-ruled, Pure-hearted, lord of senses and of self, Lost in the common life of all which lives-- A "Yogayukt"--he is a Saint who wends Straightway to Brahm. Such an one is not touched By taint of deeds. "Nought of myself I do!" Thus will he think-who holds the truth of truths-- In seeing, hearing, touching, smelling; when He eats, or goes, or breathes; slumbers or talks, Holds fast or loosens, opes his eyes or shuts; Always assured "This is the sense-world plays With senses."He that acts in thought of Brahm, Detaching end from act, with act content, The world of sense can no more stain his soul Than waters mar th' enamelled lotus-leaf. With life, with heart, with mind,-nay, with the help Of all five senses--letting selfhood go-- Yogins toil ever towards their souls' release. Such votaries, renouncing fruit of deeds, Gain endless peace: the unvowed, the passion-bound, Seeking a fruit from works, are fastened down. The embodied sage, withdrawn within his soul, At every act sits godlike in "the town Which hath nine gateways,"[FN#9] neither doing aught Nor causing any deed. This world's Lord makes Neither the work, nor passion for the work, Nor lust for fruit of work; the man's own self Pushes to these! The Master of this World Takes on himself the good or evil deeds Of no man--dwelling beyond! Mankind errs here By folly, darkening knowledge. But, for whom That darkness of the soul is chased by light, Splendid and clear shines manifest the Truth As if a Sun of Wisdom sprang to shed Its beams of dawn. Him meditating still, Him seeking, with Him blended, stayed on Him, The souls illuminated take that road Which hath no turning back--their sins flung off By strength of faith. [Who will may have this Light; Who hath it sees.] To him who wisely sees, The Brahman with his scrolls and sanctities, The cow, the elephant, the unclean dog, The Outcast gorging dog's meat, are all one.

それが真の放棄者である、堅固にして不動の者、何も求めず、何も退けず、好悪の対立の組に対して揺るぎない者。この世において五つの作因があると知れ、一切の行為の成就のために―― サーンキヤの教えが明らかにするところによれば。体と行為者と種々の感覚の器官と種々の別々の働きと、五番目に神意がある。体と言葉と思いによって人が着手する行為は正しきものであれ誤りたるものであれ、この五つがその原因である。かくあるにもかかわらず、精製されざる理性をもって純粋なる魂のみを行為者と見る者は正しく見ていない。「我が行為する」という念なく、知性が汚されていない者はたとえこれらの人々を殺しても殺しはしない。束縛されることもない。

The world is overcome--aye! even here! By such as fix their faith on Unity. The sinless Brahma dwells in Unity, And they in Brahma. Be not over-glad Attaining joy, and be not over-sad Encountering grief, but, stayed on Brahma, still Constant let each abide! The sage whose soul Holds off from outer contacts, in himself Finds bliss; to Brahma joined by piety, His spirit tastes eternal peace. The joys Springing from sense-life are but quickening wombs Which breed sure griefs: those joys begin and end! The wise mind takes no pleasure, Kunti's Son! In such as those! But if a man shall learn, Even while he lives and bears his body's chain, To master lust and anger, he is blest! He is the Yukta; he hath happiness, Contentment, light, within: his life is merged In Brahma's life; he doth Nirvana touch! Thus go the Rishis unto rest, who dwell With sins effaced, with doubts at end, with hearts Governed and calm. Glad in all good they live, Nigh to the peace of God; and all those live Who pass their days exempt from greed and wrath, Subduing self and senses, knowing the Soul!

この世は克服される――まことに！ここにおいてさえ！一なるものへの信を定める者によって。罪なきブラフマーは一性のうちに住まい、されば彼らはブラフマーのうちに住まう。望ましきものを得ても喜ばず、望ましからぬものに遭っても悲しまず、惑いなき知性をもって、ブラフマーを知り、ブラフマーのうちに在る者は確固として不動である。外界の接触に執着なき魂は己のうちに歓喜を見出す。ブラフマーとの合一にヨーガによって結ばれ、尽きることなき至福を享受する。まことに、感覚の接触から生ずる快楽は苦しみの子宮である。始まりと終わりあるものゆえ、クンティーの子よ！賢者はそこに喜びを見出さない。この体を離れる前に欲望と怒りの衝動に耐え得る者、その者はヨーガに適い、その者は幸いなる人である。

The Saint who shuts outside his placid soul All touch of sense, letting no contact through; Whose quiet eyes gaze straight from fixed brows, Whose outward breath and inward breath are drawn Equal and slow through nostrils still and close; That one-with organs, heart, and mind constrained, Bent on deliverance, having put away Passion, and fear, and rage;--hath, even now, Obtained deliverance, ever and ever freed. Yea! for he knows Me Who am He that heeds The sacrifice and worship, God revealed; And He who heeds not, being Lord of Worlds, Lover of all that lives, God unrevealed, Wherein who will shall find surety and shield!

内に喜びを持ち、内に安らぎを持ち、内に光を持つ聖者はブラフマーとなり、ブラフマーの涅槃に至る。罪を滅ぼし、二元を断ち、自己を治めてすべての生き物の福利を喜ぶ聖者たちはブラフマーの涅槃を得る。欲望と怒りから解き放たれ、心を制し、己を知る者たちにはブラフマーの涅槃が近くにある。外界の接触を外に閉め出し、眉間に視線を定め、鼻孔を出入りする息を等しくし、感覚と心と理性を治め、解脱を究極の目的とし、欲望と恐怖と怒りを離れた聖者は常に解き放たれている。私をすべての祭祀と苦行の享受者、すべての世界の偉大なる主、すべての生き物の友と知りて、彼は平安に至るのです。